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Ceramics

Ceramics is a general term that comprises pottery and porcelain. The history of pottery dates back to the Neolithic Age, while porcelain first appeared in China in the Mid-Shang Dynasty (about the 16th century BC). China is the birthplace of ceramics and is known as the”land of ceramics”• The original meaning of the English word”china” is porcelain. Chinese porcelain is one of the wonderful aspects of Chinese culture, and a significant contribution to world civilization.唐

Tang Sancai (Three-Colored Glazed Pottery of the Tang Dynasty)

The production of pottery has a long history in China. Tang Sancai (three-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty), a kind of low- temprature glazed pottery, was an art treasure popular with the Han people in the Tang Dynasty. It is thus named because it is coated with glazes predominantly in the three colors of yellow, green, and white. Tang Sancai was first unearthed in Luoyang, in greater quantities than it has ever been discovered anywhere else, leading to it also being referred to as”Luoyang TangSancai”. The sense of the beauty of Tang Sancai is derived from the harmonious use of colors, which was a great innovation at the time.

There is a wide variety of Tang Sancai artifacts, including human and animal figures, utensils, construction models, production tool models, and glazed tiles, of which human, horse, and camel figures are the most famous.

Jingdezhen Porcelain

Nowadays, when talking about Chinese porcelain, we have to mention Jingdezhen, the capital of porcelain. In China, there are many well-known porcelain kilns, the most famous of which are located in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province. Jingdezhen was formerly named Xinping. Because all the porcelain produced for the imperial court in the Jingdeera (1004-1007) of the Song Dynasty was marked with the words “Made in JingdeEra’, the town became known as”Jingdezhen”. Therefore, its fame was established in the Song Dynasty and this name has been used ever since. In those days, shadowy blue porcelain- glazed with a color between blue and white-was made for the first time in Jingdezhen and was soon known throughout the whole country. The blue-and-white porcelain, white porcelain and egg-shell porcelain manufactured in Jingdezhen are of rich cultural heritage.

China was the first country to make use of silk. Chinese people have bred silkworms since ancient times. The legend goes that Yellow Emperor’s first wife Leizuwas the first person to grow mulberries to breed silkworms. After that, the Chinese silk industry developed steadily and became prosperous in the Tang Dynasty. Silk can be used not only as clothing material but for mounting calligraphy works or paintings and as works of art. During the Western Han Dynasty (202BC- 8 AD), China’s silk spread to Persia and Europe. What it brought to them was not simply luxurious and beautiful clothing and works of art but brilliant ancient Oriental civilization. Since then, silk has become both an emblem and an ambassador of Oriental civilization. Chinese silk was praised by the ancient Romans for its high quality, and it continues to enjoy the same reputation all over the modern world.

Embroidery

Embroidery is one of the Chinese traditional folk handicrafts. It involves these wings of various patterns designed by craftsmen onto the fabric or cloth with a needle and thread. It also refers to embroidery products. The art of embroidery was already at a very high standard in the Qin and Han dynasties and embroidered products were major commodities transported on the ancient Silk Road. The four most famous where the quarrying of marble originates in China is most well-known for various types of marble sculpture; Quyang, Hebei Province and Fangshan, Beijing are most renowned for white marble sculpture; Qingtian, Zhejiang Province, and Shaoshan, Fujian Province are most famous for the carving of multi-color stone. Woodcarving is a branch of art that takes various types of wood and tree roots as materials for sculpting. China has a long history of making woodcarvings and sculptures. Evidence of this is the wooden fish carving unearthed from the Hemuduruins in Yugao, Zhejiang Province. Woodcarving was among the techniques that were perfected during the Tang Dynasty, with some excellent craftsmanship on display. Many wood-carved Buddhas we see today are distinguished by their concise shapes, smooth carving style, and distinct lines. The Ming and Qing dynasties were another outstanding period in which a large number of celebrated sculptors, craftsmen, and woodcarvings were produced. The most famous schools of woodcarving today comprise Quanzhou woodcarving, Dongyang woodcarving, Yueqing boxwood carving, Chaozhou gold lacquer woodcarving, and Fujian Longan woodcarving, which are called the”five famous schools of Chinese woodcarving”

Paper cutting

Paper cutting is essentially the art of “hollowing out’, meaning that various decorative patterns are cut out of paper with scissors or craft knives. It is one of the earliest examples of Chinese folk handicrafts, with archaeological evidence dating back to the sixth century.Paper cuttings were often used for certain ceremonies and daily decoration. In the past, various shapes of objects and figures were cut out of paper to be buried with the dead or to be burned at the funeral. They could also be used as offerings for worshiping ancestors and gods. Nowadays, paper cuttings are mainly used for decorating walls, doors, windows, building pillars, mirrors, lamps, lanterns and so on. They can also be given as a gift.

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